1. Labor market indicators
2002
Selected indicators 2002 2004 IV
Employment data
Employment status of the civilian
noninstitutional population
(household survey): (1)
Labor force participation rate 66.2 66.0 66.4
Employment-population ratio 62.3 62.3 62.5
Unemployment rate 6.0 5.5 5.9
Men 6.3 5.6 6.1
16 to 24 years 13.4 12.6 12.5
25 years and older 5.0 4.4 4.9
Women 5.7 5.4 5.6
16 to 24 years 11.4 11.0 11.4
25 years and older 4.6 4.4 4.5
Employment, nonfarm (payroll data), in
thousands: (1)
Total nonfarm 129,931 131,480 130,262
Total private 108,356 109,862 108,676
Goods-producing 21,817 21,884 22,258
Manufacturing 14,525 14,329 14,987
Service-providing 108,114 109,596 108,004
Average hours:
Total private 33.7 33.7 33.8
Manufacturing 40.4 40.8 40.4
Overtime 4.2 4.6 4.2
Employment Cost Index (2)
Percent change in the ECI, compensation:
All workers (excluding farm, household
and Federal workers) 3.8 3.7 .6
Private industry workers 4.0 3.8 .4
Goods-producing (3) 4.0 4.7 .9
Service-providing (3) 4.0 3.3 .2
State and local government workers 3.3 3.5 .9
Workers by bargaining status
(private industry):
Union 4.6 5.6 .9
Nonunion 3.9 3.4 .4
2003
Selected indicators I II III
Employment data
Employment status of the civilian
noninstitutional population
(household survey): (1)
Labor force participation rate 66.3 66.4 66.2
Employment-population ratio 62.4 62.3 62.1
Unemployment rate 5.8 6.1 6.1
Men 6.1 6.5 6.4
16 to 24 years 12.8 13.9 13.7
25 years and older 5.0 5.2 5.1
Women 5.5 5.7 5.8
16 to 24 years 11.2 11.8 11.5
25 years and older 4.5 4.6 4.7
Employment, nonfarm (payroll data), in
thousands: (1)
Total nonfarm 130,093 129,845 129,890
Total private 108,467 108,253 108,320
Goods-producing 22,036 21,828 21,700
Manufacturing 14.787 14,555 14,377
Service-providing 108,057 108,017 108,190
Average hours:
Total private 33.8 33.6 33.6
Manufacturing 40.3 40.2 40.3
Overtime 4.2 4.0 4.1
Employment Cost Index (2)
Percent change in the ECI, compensation:
All workers (excluding farm, household
and Federal workers) 1.4 .8 1.1
Private industry workers 1.7 .8 1.0
Goods-producing (3) 1.8 .9 .7
Service-providing (3) 1.5 .8 1.1
State and local government workers .7 .4 1.7
Workers by bargaining status
(private industry):
Union 1.6 1.2 1.0
Nonunion 1.6 .8 1.0
2003 2004
Selected indicators IV I II
Employment data
Employment status of the civilian
noninstitutional population
(household survey): (1)
Labor force participation rate 66.1 66.0 66.0
Employment-population ratio 62.2 62.2 62.3
Unemployment rate 5.9 5.6 5.6
Men 6.1 5.7 5.7
16 to 24 years 13.0 12.6 12.9
25 years and older 4.9 4.5 4.5
Women 5.6 5.6 5.4
16 to 24 years 10.9 11.1 10.9
25 years and older 4.6 4.5 4.4
Employment, nonfarm (payroll data), in
thousands: (1)
Total nonfarm 130,168 130,541 131,125
Total private 108,614 108,986 109,737
Goods-producing 21,684 21,725 21,868
Manufacturing 14,313 14,285 14,338
Service-providing 108,483 108,816 109,457
Average hours:
Total private 33.7 33.8 33.7
Manufacturing 40.7 41.0 40.8
Overtime 4.4 4.5 4.5
Employment Cost Index (2)
Percent change in the ECI, compensation:
All workers (excluding farm, household
and Federal workers) .5 1.4 .9
Private industry workers .4 1.5 .9
Goods-producing (3) .5 2.3 .9
Service-providing (3) .5 1.1 1.0
State and local government workers .5 .7 .4
Workers by bargaining status
(private industry):
Union .7 2.8 1.5
Nonunion .4 1.3 .8
2004
Selected indicators III IV
Employment data
Employment status of the civilian
noninstitutional population
(household survey): (1)
Labor force participation rate 66.0 66.0
Employment-population ratio 62.4 62.4
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.4
Men 5.6 5.6
16 to 24 years 12.5 12.6
25 years and older 4.4 4.3
Women 5.3 5.2
16 to 24 years 10.9 10.9
25 years and older 4.3 4.2
Employment, nonfarm (payroll data), in
thousands: (1)
Total nonfarm 131,731 132,302
Total private 110,095 110,600
Goods-producing 21,932 22,000
Manufacturing 14,353 14,338
Service-providing 109,799 110,302
Average hours:
Total private 33.7 33.7
Manufacturing 40.8 40.6
Overtime 4.6 4.5
Employment Cost Index (2)
Percent change in the ECI, compensation:
All workers (excluding farm, household
and Federal workers) 1.0 .5
Private industry workers .8 .5
Goods-producing (3) .9 .6
Service-providing (3) .8 .3
State and local government workers 1.7 .6
Workers by bargaining status
(private industry):
Union .8 .5
Nonunion .9 .4
(1) Quarterly data seasonally adjusted.
(2) Annual changes are December-to-December changes. Quarterly changes
are calculated using the last month of each quarter.
(3) Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and
manufacturing. Service-providing industries include all other private
sector industries.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, household survey data reflect revised
population controls. Nonfarm data reflect the conversion to the 2002
version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS),
replacing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system.
NAICS-based data by industry are not comparable with SIC-based data.
Dash indiates data not available
2. Annual and quarterly percent changes in compensation, prices, and
productivity
2002 2004 2002
Selected measures IV
Compensation data (1,2)
Employment Cost Index--compensation
(wages, salaries, benefits):
Civilian nonfarm 3.8 3.7 0.6
Private nonfarm 4.0 3.8 .4
Employment Cost Index--wages and salaries:
Civilian nonfarm 2.9 2.4 .4
Private nonfarm 3.0 2.4 .3
Price data (1)
Consumer Price Index (All Urban
Consumers): All Items 2.3 3.3 -.1
Producer Price Index:
Finished goods 3.2 4.1 -.1
Finished consumer goods 4.2 4.6 -.3
Capital equipment .4 2.4 .6
Intermediate materials, supplies,
and components 4.6 9.1 .1
Crude materials 25.2 18.0 6.5
Productivity data (3)
Output per hour of all persons:
Business sector 4.5 4.0 1.2
Nonfarm business sector 4.4 4.0 1.6
Nonfinancial corporations (4) 4.2 -- 3.4
2003
Selected measures I II III IV
Compensation data (1,2)
Employment Cost Index--compensation
(wages, salaries, benefits):
Civilian nonfarm 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.5
Private nonfarm 1.7 .8 1.0 .4
Employment Cost Index--wages and salaries:
Civilian nonfarm 1.0 .6 .9 .3
Private nonfarm 1.1 .7 .8 .4
Price data (1)
Consumer Price Index (All Urban
Consumers): All Items 1.8 -.3 -.2 -.2
Producer Price Index:
Finished goods 3.7 -.8 .3 .0
Finished consumer goods 2.4 1.8 .3 .0
Capital equipment .6 -.6 -.1 .0
Intermediate materials, supplies,
and components 6.5 -2.1 -.1 .0
Crude materials 28.0 -10.6 3.4 14.4
Productivity data (3)
Output per hour of all persons:
Business sector 4.1 7.6 8.1 2.1
Nonfarm business sector 4.0 6.7 8.7 2.8
Nonfinancial corporations (4) 2.2 7.7 7.9 3.9
2004
Selected measures I II III IV
Compensation data (1,2)
Employment Cost Index--compensation
(wages, salaries, benefits):
Civilian nonfarm 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.5
Private nonfarm 1.5 .9 .8 .5
Employment Cost Index--wages and salaries:
Civilian nonfarm .6 .6 .9 .3
Private nonfarm .7 .7 .9 .2
Price data (1)
Consumer Price Index (All Urban
Consumers): All Items 1.2 1.2 .2 .2
Producer Price Index:
Finished goods 1.2 1.2 .0 1.1
Finished consumer goods 1.5 1.4 -1.7 .9
Capital equipment 6.0 5.0 4.0 1.6
Intermediate materials, supplies,
and components 2.5 3.0 1.9 .9
Crude materials 6.0 7.6 -5.1 8.3
Productivity data (3)
Output per hour of all persons:
Business sector 4.0 2.9 2.0 3.7
Nonfarm business sector 3.8 3.9 1.3 2.1
Nonfinancial corporations (4) .9 3.3 4.9 --
(1) Annual changes are December-to-December changes. Quarterly changes
are calculated using the last month of each quarter. Compensation and
price data are not seasonally adjusted, and the price data are not
compounded.
(2) Excludes Federal and private household workers.
(3) Annual rates of change are computed by comparing annual averages.
Quarterly percent changes reflect annual rates of change in quarterly
indexes. The data are seasonally adjusted.
(4) Output per hour of all employees.
NOTE: Dash indicates data not available.
3. Alternative measures of wage and compensation changes
Quarterly change
Components 2003 2004
IV I II III IV
Average hourly compensation: (1)
All persons, business sector 3.7 2.9 5.3 5.8 4.5
All persons, nonfarm business sector 4.1 2.1 5.9 5.4 3.4
Employment Cost Index--compensation:
Civilian nonfarm (2) .5 1.4 .9 1.0 .5
Private nonfarm .4 1.5 .9 .8 .5
Union .7 2.8 1.5 .8 .5
Nonunion .4 1.3 .8 .9 .4
State and local governments .5 .7 .4 1.7 .6
Employment Cost Index--wages and
salaries:
Civilian nonfarm (2) .3 .6 .6 .9 .3
Private nonfarm .4 .7 .7 .9 .2
Union .6 .6 1.0 .8 .4
Nonunion .2 .7 .6 .8 .2
State and local governments .4 .4 .2 1.0 .5
Four quarters ending--
Components 2003 2004
IV I II III IV
Average hourly compensation: (1)
All persons, business sector 5.2 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.6
All persons, nonfarm business sector 5.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.2
Employment Cost Index--compensation:
Civilian nonfarm (2) 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7
Private nonfarm 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.8
Union 4.6 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.6
Nonunion 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4
State and local governments 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5
Employment Cost Index--wages and
salaries:
Civilian nonfarm (2) 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4
Private nonfarm 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4
Union 2.4 2.5 2.9 3.0 2.8
Nonunion 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4
State and local governments 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1
(1) Seasonally adjusted. "Quarterly average" is percent change from
a quarter ago, at an annual rate.
(2) Excludes Federal and household workers.
4. Employment status of the population, by sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Annual average 2004
Employment status 2003 2004 Jan.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 221,168 223,357 222,161
Civilian labor force 146,510 147,401 146,785
Participation rate 66.2 66.0 66.1
Employed 137,736 139,252 138,481
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 62.3 62.3 62.3
Unemployed 8,774 8,149 8,303
Unemployment rate 6.0 5.5 5.7
Not in the labor force 74,658 75,956 75,377
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 98,272 99,476 98,866
Civilian labor force 74,623 75,364 75,139
Participation rate 75.9 75.8 76.0
Employed 70,415 71,572 71,283
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 71.7 71.9 72.1
Unemployed 4,209 3,791 3,856
Unemployment rate 5.6 5.0 5.1
Not in the labor force 23,649 24,113 23,726
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 106,800 107,658 107,131
Civilian labor force 64,716 64,923 64,475
Participation rate 60.6 60.3 60.2
Employed 61,402 61,773 61,237
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.5 57.4 57.2
Unemployed 3,314 3,150 3,238
Unemployment rate 5.1 4.9 5.6
Not in the labor force 42,083 42,735 42,657
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 16,096 16,222 16,164
Civilian labor force 7,170 7,114 7,171
Participation rate 44.5 43.9 44.4
Employed 5,919 5,907 5,962
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 36.8 36.4 36.9
Unemployed 1,251 1,208 1,209
Unemployment rate 17.5 17.0 16.9
Not in the labor force 8,926 9,108 8,993
White (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 181,292 182,643 181,879
Civilian labor force 120,546 121,686 120,743
Participation rate 66.5 66.3 66.2
Employed 114,235 115,239 114,771
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 63.0 63.1 63.1
Unemployed 6,311 5,847 5,972
Unemployment rate 5.2 4.8 4.9
Not in the labor force 60,746 61,558 61,136
Black or African American (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 25,686 26,065 25,827
Civilian labor force 16,526 16,638 16,603
Participation rate 64.3 63.8 64.2
Employed 14,739 14,909 14,875
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.4 57.2 57.5
Unemployed 1,787 1,729 1,728
Unemployment rate 10.8 10.4 10.4
Not in the labor force 9,161 9,428 9,264
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 27,551 28,109 27,619
Civilian labor force 18,813 19,272 18,849
Participation rate 68.3 68.6 68.2
Employed 17,372 17,930 17,476
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 63.1 63.8 63.3
Unemployed 1,441 1,342 1,373
Unemployment rate 7.7 7.0 7.3
Not in the labor force 8,738 8,837 8,770
2004
Employment status Feb. Mar. Apr.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 222,357 222,550 222,757
Civilian labor force 146,529 146,737 146,788
Participation rate 65.9 65.9 65.9
Employed 138,334 138,408 138,645
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 622.0 62.1 62.2
Unemployed 8,195 8,330 8,143
Unemployment rate 5.6 5.7 5.6
Not in the labor force 75,828 75,812 75,969
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 98,966 99,065 99,170
Civilian labor force 74,854 75,035 74,908
Participation rate 75.6 75.7 75.5
Employed 71,014 71,158 71,158
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 71.8 71.8 71.8
Unemployed 3,840 3,877 3,751
Unemployment rate 5.1 5.2 5.0
Not in the labor force 24,112 24,029 24,261
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 107,216 107,299 107,389
Civilian labor force 64,636 64,723 64,776
Participation rate 60.3 60.3 60.3
Employed 61,456 61,424 61,591
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.3 57.2 57.4
Unemployed 3,179 3,299 3,185
Unemployment rate 4.9 5.1 409.0
Not in the labor force 42,580 42,576 42,613
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 16,175 16,186 16,198
Civilian labor force 7,039 6,979 7,104
Participation rate 43.5 43.1 43.9
Employed 5,864 5,825 5,897
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 36.3 36.0 36.4
Unemployed 1,175 1,154 1,207
Unemployment rate 16.7 16.5 17.0
Not in the labor force 9,136 9,207 9,094
White (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 182,001 182,121 182,252
Civilian labor force 120,590 120,598 120,713
Participation rate 66.3 66.2 66.2
Employed 114,615 114,500 114,779
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 63.0 62.9 63.0
Unemployed 5,975 6,098 5,934
Unemployment rate 5.0 5.1 4.9
Not in the labor force 61,411 61,522 61,539i
Black or African American (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 25,900 25,932 25,967
Civilian labor force 16,427 16,603 16,505
Participation rate 63.4 64.0 63.6
Employed 14,825 14,917 14,893
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.3 57.5 57.4
Unemployed 1,598 1,685 1,612
Unemployment rate 9.7 10.2 9.8
Not in the labor force 9,473 9,330 9,462
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 27,705 27,791 27,879
Civilian labor force 18,702 19,036 19,081
Participation rate 67.5 68.5 68.4
Employed 17,315 17,633 17,724
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 62.5 63.5 63.6
Unemployed 1,387 11,403 1,358
Unemployment rate 7.4 7.4 7.1
Not in the labor force 9,003 8,755 8,797
2004
Employment status May June July
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 222,967 223,196 223,422
Civilian labor force 147,018 147,386 147,823
Participation rate 65.9 66.0 66.2
Employed 138,846 139,158 139,639
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 62.2 62.3 62.5
Unemployed 8,172 8,228 8,184
Unemployment rate 5.6 5.6 5.5
Not in the labor force 75,950 75,809 75,599
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 99,279 99,396 99,512
Civilian labor force 75,095 75,631 75,567
Participation rate 75.6 75.8 75.9
Employed 71,226 71,575 71,830
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 71.7 72.0 72.2
Unemployed 3,869 3,786 3,737
Unemployment rate 5.2 5.0 4.9
Not in the labor force 24,184 24,035 23,945
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 107,483 107,586 107,687
Civilian labor force 64,803 64,989 65,085
Participation rate 60.3 60.4 60.4
Employed 61,723 61,731 61,902
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.4 57.4 57.5
Unemployed 3,080 3,259 3,183
Unemployment rate 4.8 5.0 4.9
Not in the labor force 42,680 42,597 42,603
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 16,205 16,214 16,222
Civilian labor force 7,120 7,036 7,172
Participation rate 43.9 43.4 44.2
Employed 5,896 5,853 5,907
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 36.4 36.1 36.4
Unemployed 1,223 1,184 1,265
Unemployment rate 17.2 16.8 17.6
Not in the labor force 9,086 9,178 9,051
White (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 182,384 182,531 182,676
Civilian labor force 120,997 121,212 121,383
Participation rate 66.3 66.4 66.4
Employed 115,006 115,199 115,610
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 63.1 63.1 63.3
Unemployed 5,991 6,013 5,773
Unemployment rate 5.0 5.0 4.8
Not in the labor force 61,387 61,319 61,293
Black or African American (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 26,002 26,040 26,078
Civilian labor force 16,480 16,521 16,775
Participation rate 63.4 63.4 64.3
Employed 14,837 14,825 14,937
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.1 56.9 57.3
Unemployed 1,642 1,696 1,838
Unemployment rate 10.0 10.3 11.0
Not in the labor force 9,523 9,520 9,303
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 27,968 28,059 28,150
Civilian labor force 19,297 19,302 19,432
Participation rate 69.0 68.8 69.0
Employed 17,959 18,013 18,102
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 64.2 64.2 64.3
Unemployed 1,338 1,289 1,330
Unemployment rate 6.9 6.7 6.8
Not in the labor force 6,671 8,756 6,717
2004
Employment status Aug. Sept. Oct.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 223,677 223,941 224,192
Civilian labor force 147,676 147,531 147,893
Participation rate 66.0 65.9 66.0
Employed 139,658 139,527 139,827
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 62.4 62.3 62.4
Unemployed 8,018 8,005 8,066
Unemployment rate 5.4 5.5 5.4
Not in the labor force 76,001 76,410 76,299
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 99,642 99,776 99,904
Civilian labor force 75,615 75,462 75,632
Participation rate 75.9 75.6 75.7
Employed 71,847 71,701 71,895
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 72.1 71.9 72.0
Unemployed 3,768 3,761 3,736
Unemployment rate 5.0 5.0 4.9
Not in the labor force 24,026 24,314 24,272
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 107,801 107,920 108,032
Civilian labor force 64,909 65,008 65,126
Participation rate 60.2 60.2 60.3
Employed 61,877 61,939 62,024
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.4 57.4 57.4
Unemployed 3,032 3,069 3,102
Unemployment rate 4.7 4.7 4.8
Not in the labor force 42,892 42,912 42,906
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 16,234 16,246 16,257
Civilian labor force 7,152 7,062 7,165
Participation rate 44.1 43.5 43.9
Employed 5,934 5,887 5,908
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 36.6 36.2 36.3
Unemployed 1,217 1,175 1,227
Unemployment rate 17.0 16.6 17.2
Not in the labor force 9,082 9,184 9,122
White (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 182,846 183,022 183,188
Civilian labor force 121,278 120,995 121,273
Participation rate 66.3 66.1 66.2
Employed 115,526 115,318 115,618
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 63.2 63.0 63.1
Unemployed 5,752 5,677 5,655
Unemployment rate 4.7 4.7 4.7
Not in the labor force 61,568 62,027 61,915
Black or African American (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 26,120 26,163 26,204
Civilian labor force 16,721 16,711 16,820
Participation rate 64.0 63.9 62.4
Employed 14,972 14,981 15,012
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.3 57.3 57.3
Unemployed 1,749 1,730 1,808
Unemployment rate 10.5 10.4 10.7
Not in the labor force 9,399 9,452 9,384
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 28,243 28,338 28,431
Civilian labor force 19,463 19,444 19,524
Participation rate 68.9 68.6 68.7
Employed 18,128 18,079 18,213
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 64.2 63.8 64.1
Unemployed 1,335 1,366 1,311
Unemployment rate 6.9 7.0 6.7
Not in the labor force 8,780 8,894 8,907
2005
Employment status Nov. Dec. Jan.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 224,422 224,640 224,837
Civilian labor force 148,313 148,203 147,979
Participation rate 66.1 66.0 65.8
Employed 140,293 140,156 140,241
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 62.5 62.4 62.4
Unemployed 8,020 8,047 7,737
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.4 5.2
Not in the labor force 76,109 76,437 76,858
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 100,017 99,476 100,219
Civilian labor force 75,866 75,754 75,594
Participation rate 75.9 75.7 75.4
Employed 71,134 72,020 72,029
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio 72.1 71.9 71.9
Unemployed 3,733 3,733 3,565
Unemployment rate 4.9 4.9 4.7
Not in the labor force 24,151 24,372 24,625
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 108,129 107,658 108,316
Civilian labor force 65,244 65,260 65,318
Participation rate 60.3 60.3 60.3
Employed 62,145 62,208 62,295
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 57.5 57.5 57.5
Unemployed 3,099 3,051 3,023
Unemployment rate 4.7 4.7 4.6
Not in the labor force 42,885 42,961 42,998
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 16,293 16,222 16,302
Civilian labor force 7,202 7,189 7,066
Participation rate 44.2 44.1 43.3
Employed 6,014 5.927 5,917
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 36.9 36.4 36.3
Unemployed 1,188 1,262 1,150
Unemployment rate 16.5 17.6 16.3
Not in the labor force 9,074 9,104 9,235I
White (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 183,340 183,483 183,640
Civilian labor force 121,606 121,509 121,553
Participation rate 66.3 66.2 66.2
Employed 115,966 115,910 116,158
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 63.3 63.2 63.3
Unemployed 5,640 5,600 5,395
Unemployment rate 4.6 4.6 4.4
Not in the labor force 61,735 61,973 62,088
Black or African American (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 26,239 26,273 26,306
Civilian labor force 16,728 16,713 16,721
Participation rate 63.8 63.6 63.6
Employed 14,913 14,907 14,946
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 56.8 56.7 56.8
Unemployed 1,814 1,806 1,775
Unemployment rate 10.8 10.8 10.6
Not in the labor force 9,512 9,559 9,585
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional
population (1) 28,520 28,608 28,642
Civilian labor force 19,552 19,544 19,379
Participation rate 68.6 68.3 67.7
Employed 18,238 18,252 18,198
Employment-pop-
ulation ratio (2) 63.9 63.8 63.5
Unemployed 1,313 1,292 1,181
Unemployment rate 6.7 6.6 6.1
Not in the labor force 8,968 9,064 9,263
(1) The population figures are not seasonally adjusted.
(2) Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
(3) Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only;
persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior
to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the
group they identified as the main race.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white and black or African
American) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all
races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by
ethnicity as well as by race. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect
revised population controls used in the household survey.
5. Selected employment indicators, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
Annual average 2004
Selected categories 2003 2004 Jan. Feb.
Characteristic
Employed, 16 years and over 137,736 139,252 168,481 138,334
Men 73,332 74,524 74,284 73,937
Women 64,404 64,728 64,197 64,397
Married men, spouse
present 44,653 45,084 45,443 45,044
Married women, spouse
present 34,695 34,600 34,546 34,481
Persons at work part time (1)
All industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 4,701 4,567 4,703 4,445
Slack work or business
conditions 3,118 2,841 2,972 2,841
Could only find part-time
work 1,279 1,409 1,400 1,363
Part time for noneconomic
noneconomic reasons 19,014 19,380 18,986 19,020
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 4,596 4,469 4,604 4,335
Slack work of business
conditions 3,052 2,773 2,894 2,768
Could only find part-time
work 1,264 1,399 1,405 1,350
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,658 19,026 18,711 18,775
2004
Selected categories Mar. Apr. May June
Characteristic
Employed, 16 years and over 138,408 138,645 138,846 139,158
Men 74,062 74,104 74,118 74,501
Women 64,345 64,541 64,728 64,658
Married men, spouse
present 45,000 44,759 44,763 44,958
Married women, spouse
present 342,831 34,375 34,536 34,487
Persons at work part time (1)
All industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 4,708 4,557 4,634 4,504
Slack work or business
conditions 2,984 2,813 2,845 2,801
Could only find part-time
work 1,430 1,431 1,449 1,400
Part time for noneconomic
noneconomic reasons 19,091 19,130 19,570 19,564
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 4,595 4,451 4,567 4,423
Slack work of business
conditions 2,899 2,747 2,801 2,753
Could only find part-time
work 1,415 1,425 1,458 1,382
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,791 18,844 19,145 19,123
2004
Selected categories July Aug. Sept. Oct
Characteristic
Employed, 16 years and over 139,639 139,658 139,527 139,827
Men 74,811 74,824 74,629 74,852
Women 64,828 64,834 64,898 64,975
Married men, spouse
present 44,948 45,099 45,093 45,127
Married women, spouse
present 34,607 34,494 34,704 34,808
Persons at work part time (1)
All industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 4,488 4,509 4,476 4,762
Slack work or business
conditions 2,642 2,816 2,805 3,052
Could only find part-time
work 1,472 1,403 1,312 1,385
Part time for noneconomic
noneconomic reasons 19,737 19,657 19,410 19,704
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 4,390 4,408 4,400 4,656
Slack work of business
conditions 2,580 2,722 2,750 2,971
Could only find part-time
work 1,484 1,388 1,320 1,363
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 19,327 19,204 19,061 19,288
2004 2005
Selected categories Nov. Dec. Jan.
Characteristic
Employed, 16 years and over 140,293 140,156 140,241
Men 75,188 74,938 74,934
Women 65,104 65,218 65,307
Married men, spouse
present 45,462 45,315 45,171
Married women, spouse
present 34,961 34,878 34,739
Persons at work part time (1)
All industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 4,533 4,474 4,395
Slack work or business
conditions 2,761 2,735 2,768
Could only find part-time
work 1,420 1,440 1,329
Part time for noneconomic
noneconomic reasons 19,499 19,502 19,089
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 4,404 4,382 4,303
Slack work of business
conditions 2,685 2,682 2,702
Could only find part-time
work 1,396 1,397 1,309
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 19,141 19,176 18,765
(1) Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
6. Selected unemployment indicators, monthly data seasonally
adjusted [Unemployment rates]
Annual average 2004
Selected categories 2003 2004 Jan. Feb.
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and older 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 17.5 17.0 16.9 16.7
Men, 20 years and older 5.6 5.0 5.1 5.1
Women, 20 years and older 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.9
White, tota (1) 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 15.2 15.0 14.1 15.3
Men, 16 to 19 years 17.1 16.3 14.0 15.6
Women, 16 to 19 years 13.3 13.6 14.2 15.1
Men, 20 years and older 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.6
Women, 20 years and older 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2
Black or African American, total (1) 10.8 10.4 10.4 9.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 33.0 31.7 33.1 25.2
Men, 16 to 19 years 36.0 35.6 42.2 29.1
Women, 16 to 19 years 30.3 28.2 25.9 22.4
Men, 20 years and older 10.3 9.9 9.5 9.3
Women, 20 years and older 9.2 8.9 9.0 8.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 7.7 7.0 7.3 7.4
Married men, spouse present 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.4
Married women, spouse present 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6
Full-time workers 6.1 5.6 5.7 5.7
Part-time workers 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.2
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma 8.8 8.5 8.8 8.6
High school graduates, no college (3) 5.5 5.0 4.9 5.0
Some college or associate degree 4.8 4.2 4.5 4.3
Bachelor's degree and higher (4) 3.1 2.7 2.9 2.9
2004
Selected categories Mar. Apr. May June
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and older 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 16.5 17.0 17.2 16.8
Men, 20 years and older 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0
Women, 20 years and older 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0
White, tota (1) 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 14.8 15.7 15.6 14.8
Men, 16 to 19 years 16.3 17.8 18.5 16.2
Women, 16 to 19 years 13.3 13.3 12.7 13.3
Men, 20 years and older 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.5
Women, 20 years and older 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.4
Black or African American, total (1) 10.2 9.8 10.0 10.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 30.1 28.4 32.3 32.7
Men, 16 to 19 years 37.0 30.7 30.4 34.4
Women, 16 to 19 years 23.5 26.4 33.9 31.2
Men, 20 years and older 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5
Women, 20 years and older 9.3 8.6 8.4 9.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.7
Married men, spouse present 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2
Married women, spouse present 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.7
Full-time workers 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.6
Part-time workers 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.5
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.7
High school graduates, no college (3) 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.1
Some college or associate degree 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.2
Bachelor's degree and higher (4) 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7
2004
Selected categories July Aug. Sept. Oct.
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and older 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 17.6 17.0 16.6 17.2
Men, 20 years and older 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9
Women, 20 years and older 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8
White, tota (1) 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 14.9 15.4 14.7 15.1
Men, 16 to 19 years 15.5 15.8 15.9 17.4
Women, 16 to 19 years 14.2 15.0 13.5 12.6
Men, 20 years and older 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2
Women, 20 years and older 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0
Black or African American, total (1) 11.0 10.5 10.4 10.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 37.2 29.4 28.6 34.7
Men, 16 to 19 years 37.9 34.9 35.9 37.1
Women, 16 to 19 years 36.6 24.2 21.1 32.4
Men, 20 years and older 10.3 10.4 10.2 10.2
Women, 20 years and older 9.1 8.7 8.9 8.9
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.7
Married men, spouse present 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0
Married women, spouse present 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.1
Full-time workers 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4
Part-time workers 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.5
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma 8.3 8.2 8.9 8.2
High school graduates, no college (3) 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9
Some college or associate degree 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.2
Bachelor's degree and higher (4) 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5
2004 2005
Selected categories Nov. Dec. Jan.
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and older 5.4 5.4 5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 16.5 17.6 16.3
Men, 20 years and older 4.9 4.9 4.7
Women, 20 years and older 4.7 4.7 4.6
White, tota (1) 4.6 4.6 4.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 14.4 15.7 14.0
Men, 16 to 19 years 15.5 17.9 16.3
Women, 16 to 19 years 13.2 13.4 11.8
Men, 20 years and older 4.2 4.2 4.0
Women, 20 years and older 4.1 3.9 3.9
Black or African American, total (1) 10.8 10.8 10.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 32.7 30.8 30.2
Men, 16 to 19 years 38.1 37.7 30.0
Women, 16 to 19 years 27.0 24.0 30.5
Men, 20 years and older 10.5 10.7 10.4
Women, 20 years and older 9.0 9.1 8.9
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 6.7 6.6 6.1
Married men, spouse present 3.1 3.1 3.1
Married women, spouse present 3.4 3.4 3.2
Full-time workers 5.4 5.4 5.2
Part-time workers 5.4 5.4 5.3
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma 8.0 8.3 7.5
High school graduates, no college (3) 4.9 4.9 4.7
Some college or associate degree 4.3 4.3 4.1
Bachelor's degree and higher (4) 2.5 2.5 2.4
(1) Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only;
persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior
to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the
group they identified as the main race.
(2) Data refer to persons 25 years and older.
(3) Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
(4) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and
doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
7. Duration of unemployment, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Annual average 2004
Weeks of
unemployment 2003 2004 Jan. Feb. Mar.
Less than 5 weeks 2,785 2,696 2,623 2,449 2,623
5 to 14 weeks 2,612 2,382 2,402 2,418 2,417
15 weeks and over 3,378 3,072 3,339 3,252 3,321
15 to 26 weeks 1,442 1,293 1,447 1,382 1,330
27 weeks and over 1,936 1,779 1,892 1,870 1,991
Mean duration, in weeks 19.2 19.6 19.8 20.3 19.9
Median duration, in weeks 10.1 9.8 10.6 10.2 10.2
2004
Weeks of
unemployment Apr. May June July Aug.
Less than 5 weeks 2,772 2,731 2,715 2,803 2,605
5 to 14 weeks 2,370 2,376 2,397 2,458 2,521
15 weeks and over 2,956 3,059 3,051 2,885 2,924
15 to 26 weeks 1,165 1,277 1,294 1,198 1,243
27 weeks and over 1,791 1,783 1,757 1,686 1,681
Mean duration, in weeks 19.7 19.8 19.8 18.5 19.2
Median duration, in weeks 9.4 9.9 10.8 8.9 9.5
2004 2005
Weeks of
unemployment Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
Less than 5 weeks 2,796 2,753 2,611 2,865 2,599
5 to 14 weeks 2,251 2,290 2,361 2,264 2,343
15 weeks and over 2,971 3,032 3,012 2,961 2,824
15 to 26 weeks 1,227 1,261 1,294 1,325 1,201
27 weeks and over 1,744 1,771 1,718 1,636 1,623
Mean duration, in weeks 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.3 19.3
Median duration, in weeks 9.5 9.5 9.8 9.5 9.4
NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, monthly data
seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Annual average 2004
Reason for
unemployment 2003 2004 Jan. Feb. Mar.
Job losers (1) 4,838 4,197 4,380 4,284 4,475
On temporary layoff 1,121 998 1,030 1,060 1,035
Not on temporary layoff 3,717 3,199 3,350 3,224 3,440
Job leavers 818 858 807 835 845
Reentrants 2,477 2,408 2,514 2,421 2,419
New entrants 641 686 677 671 629
Percent of unemployed
Job losers (1) 55.1 51.5 52.3 52.2 53.5
On temporary layoff 12.8 12.2 12.3 12.9 12.4
Not on temporary layoff 42.4 39.3 40.0 39.3 41.1
Job leavers 9.3 10.5 9.6 10.2 10.1
Reentrants 28.2 29.5 30.9 28.4 28.4
New entrants 7.3 8.4 8.1 8.2 7.5
Percent of civilian
labor force
Job losers (1) 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0
Job leavers .6 .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6
New entrants .4 .5 .5 .5 .4
2004
Reason for
unemployment Apr. May June July Aug.
Job losers (1) 4,322 4,190 4,117 4,228 3,978
On temporary layoff 993 920 1,009 1,068 971
Not on temporary layoff 3,329 3,270 3,108 3,160 3,007
Job leavers 835 855 909 896 885
Reentrants 2,310 2,437 2,426 2,333 2,440
New entrants 650 723 642 686 699
Percent of unemployed
Job losers (1) 53.2 51.1 50.9 51.9 49.7
On temporary layoff 12.2 11.2 12.5 13.1 12.1
Not on temporary layoff 41.0 39.3 38.4 38.8 37.6
Job leavers 10.3 10.4 11.2 11.0 11.1
Reentrants 28.5 29.7 30.0 28.6 30.5
New entrants 8.0 8.8 7.9 8.4 8.7
Percent of civilian
labor force
Job losers (1) 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.7
Job leavers .6 .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7
New entrants .4 .5 .4 .5 .5
2004 2005
Reason for
unemployment Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
Job losers (1) 4,014 4,074 4,066 4,108 4,048
On temporary layoff 919 947 941 965 966
Not on temporary layoff 3,094 3,127 3,124 3,144 3,082
Job leavers 830 829 880 898 819
Reentrants 2,417 2,411 2,388 2,361 2,324
New entrants 697 747 723 709 624
Percent of unemployed
Job losers (1) 50.4 50.5 5.1 50.9 51.8
On temporary layoff 11.6 11.8 11.7 11.9 12.4
Not on temporary layoff 38.9 38.8 38.8 38.9 39.4
Job leavers 10.4 10.3 10.9 11.1 10.5
Reentrants 30.4 29.9 29.6 29.2 29.7
New entrants 8.8 9.3 9.0 8.8 8.0
Percent of civilian
labor force
Job losers (1) 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7
Job leavers .6 .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
New entrants .5 .5 .5 .5 .4
(1) Includes persons who completed temporary jobs.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
9. Unemployment rates by sex and age, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Civilian workers]
Annual
average 2004
Sex and age 2003 2004 Jan. Feb. Mar.
Total, 16 years and older 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.7
16 to 24 years 12.4 11.8 12.1 11.8 11.8
16 to 19 years 17.5 17.0 16.9 16.7 16.5
16 to 17 years 19.1 20.2 18.5 18.1 19.7
18 to 19 years 16.4 15.0 15.9 15.6 14.4
20 to 24 years 10.0 9.4 9.8 9.5 9.6
25 years and older 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6
25 to 54 years 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8
55 years and older 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8
Men, 16 years and older 6.3 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8
16 to 24 years 13.4 12.6 12.7 12.3 12.6
16 to 19 years 19.3 18.4 17.5 17.3 18.3
16 to 17 years 20.7 22.0 19.9 20.1 22.4
18 to 19 years 18.4 16.3 16.1 15.7 15.8
20 to 24 years 10.6 10.1 10.6 10.1 10.1
25 years and older 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6
25 to 54 years 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8
55 years and older 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.9
Women, 16 years and older 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.6
16 to 24 years 11.4 11.0 11.3 11.3 10.8
16 to 19 years 15.6 15.5 16.2 16.0 14.7
16 to 17 years 17.5 18.5 17.1 16.2 17.3
18 to 19 years 14.2 13.5 15.6 15.5 12.8
20 to 24 years 9.3 8.7 8.9 8.9 8.9
25 years and older 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.6
25 to 54 years 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.9
55 years and older (1) 3.7 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.5
2004
Sex and age Apr. May June July Aug.
Total, 16 years and older 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4
16 to 24 years 11.7 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.6
16 to 19 years 17.0 17.2 16.8 17.6 17.0
16 to 17 years 20.5 21.5 20.5 20.3 20.7
18 to 19 years 14.7 14.7 14.4 16.1 14.9
20 to 24 years 9.2 9.7 9.7 9.2 9.0
25 years and older 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3
25 to 54 years 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4
55 years and older 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7
Men, 16 years and older 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.6
16 to 24 years 12.9 13.0 12.7 12.2 12.5
16 to 19 years 19.2 19.0 18.0 17.8 18.1
16 to 17 years 23.3 23.2 22.3 21.2 21.9
18 to 19 years 16.6 16.6 15.9 15.9 16.1
20 to 24 years 10.0 10.3 10.4 9.7 10.0
25 years and older 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4
25 to 54 years 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.5
55 years and older 3.9 4.1 4.3 3.8 4.0
Women, 16 years and older 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.5 5.2
16 to 24 years 10.4 11.1 11.2 11.6 10.6
16 to 19 years 14.7 15.4 15.6 17.5 15.9
16 to 17 years 17.9 20.1 18.9 19.5 19.7
18 to 19 years 12.5 12.7 12.7 16.4 13.5
20 to 24 years 8.3 9.0 9.0 8.7 7.9
25 years and older 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3
25 to 54 years 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.4
55 years and older (1) 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.9
2004 2005
Sex and age Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
Total, 16 years and older 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.2
16 to 24 years 11.8 12.2 11.5 11.7 11.7
16 to 19 years 16.6 17.2 16.5 17.6 16.3
16 to 17 years 19.6 20.6 21.2 20.6 19.3
18 to 19 years 14.9 15.2 13.5 15.4 14.4
20 to 24 years 9.5 9.8 9.2 8.9 9.5
25 years and older 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1
25 to 54 years 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.2
55 years and older 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5
Men, 16 years and older 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.3
16 to 24 years 12.9 13.0 12.4 12.5 12.7
16 to 19 years 18.2 19.2 18.2 20.3 18.2
16 to 17 years 20.6 22.1 23.0 24.3 22.0
18 to 19 years 16.8 17.7 14.8 17.8 16.1
20 to 24 years 10.5 10.2 9.8 9.0 10.2
25 years and older 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.0
25 to 54 years 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.1
55 years and older 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.9
Women, 16 years and older 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.1
16 to 24 years 10.6 11.3 10.5 10.8 10.5
16 to 19 years 15.0 15.1 14.6 14.8 14.3
16 to 17 years 18.6 19.0 19.3 17.2 16.8
18 to 19 years 12.8 12.5 12.1 12.9 12.7
20 to 24 years 8.4 
